tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-32667807024933673492024-03-08T05:25:27.307-08:00melayukinimahirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02656334463299953127noreply@blogger.comBlogger6125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3266780702493367349.post-69246824674154910612013-10-19T20:45:00.001-07:002013-10-19T20:45:21.416-07:00UMNO Semakin PupusUMNO yang gagah dan perkasa dulu nampaknya akan menuju pengakhirannya disebabkan ketamakan dan haloba sesetengah pemimpin yang mengutamakan peribadi lebih dari segalanya, jika tidak dirawat akan menyebabkan barah yang menghancurkan jenama UMNO dan berkubur dan ini tidaklah mustahil kerana jika melihat keadaan semasa menunjukkan bahawa zaman kegemilangan UMNO sudah sampai ke titik penamat.Apakan daya UMNO masih tidak berubah dan akan diubah oleh Rakyat bila tiba piliharaya nanti.Alangkah kesiannya UMNO yang kita puja kini hanyalah tinggal serpihan dan tulang untuk dikenang. Pemimpin yang berkuasa sekarang nampaknya lebih mementingkan diri sendiri dari parti dan Rakyat. Jenama yang gah dengan "Rakyat DiDahulukan, Pencapaian DiUtamakan" kini hanyalah "Pemimpin DiDahulukan, Rakyat DiTinggalkan" dan Slogan UMNO Pembela Rakyat dijadikan sebagai UMNO Pembela Pemimpin. Jika kita memilih salah pemimpin maka terima padahnya justeru akan menyebabkan UMNO akan hilang ditelan masa hanyalah tinggal sejarah.mahirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02656334463299953127noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3266780702493367349.post-78992231649814947712011-01-30T23:19:00.000-08:002011-01-30T23:19:36.406-08:00Critical Thinking<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-outline-level: 1;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: MS; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Sharing this<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>information and it will help us to see the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>creation of Allah the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Almighty. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>which beyond human imagination.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-outline-level: 1;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: MS; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-outline-level: 1;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: MS; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span><b><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: MS; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Tiny Brained Bees Solve a Complex Mathematical Problem</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-outline-level: 1;"><b><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: MS; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><br />
</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-outline-level: 1;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">— Bumblebees can find the solution to a complex mathematical problem which keeps computers busy for days.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13pt; font-weight: bold;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">Scientists at Royal Holloway, University of London and Queen Mary, University of London have discovered that bees learn to fly the shortest possible route between flowers even if they discover the flowers in a different order. Bees are effectively solving the 'Travelling Salesman Problem', and these are the first animals found to do this.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">The Travelling Salesman must find the shortest route that allows him to visit all locations on his route. Computers solve it by comparing the length of all possible routes and choosing the shortest. However, bees solve it without computer assistance using a brain the size of grass seed.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dr Nigel Raine, from the School of Biological Sciences at Royal Holloway explains: "Foraging bees solve travelling salesman problems every day. They visit flowers at multiple locations and, because bees use lots of energy to fly, they find a route which keeps flying to a minimum."<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">The team used computer controlled artificial flowers to test whether bees would follow a route defined by the order in which they discovered the flowers or if they would find the shortest route. After exploring the location of the flowers, bees quickly learned to fly the shortest route.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">As well as enhancing our understanding of how bees move around the landscape pollinating crops and wild flowers, this research, which is due to be published in <em>The American Naturalist</em>, has other applications. Our lifestyle relies on networks such as traffic on the roads, information flow on the web and business supply chains. By understanding how bees can solve their problem with such a tiny brain we can improve our management of these everyday networks without needing lots of computer time.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">Dr Raine adds: "Despite their tiny brains bees are capable of extraordinary feats of behaviour. We need to understand how they can solve the Travelling Salesman Problem without a computer. What short-cuts do they use?'<b><o:p></o:p></b></span><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-outline-level: 1;"><b><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: MS; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>mahirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02656334463299953127noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3266780702493367349.post-32104785281457967132011-01-29T19:12:00.000-08:002011-01-29T19:12:42.521-08:00Visionary of Leaders<div align="center" style="margin: 0cm 7.5pt 3.75pt; text-align: center;"><b><i><span style="color: navy;">"Our real problem is not our strength today; it is rather the vital necessity of action today to ensure our strength tomorrow." </span></i></b></div><div align="center" style="margin: 0cm 7.5pt 3.75pt; text-align: center;"><i><span style="color: navy;">– Calvin Coolidge</span></i></div><div align="center" style="margin: 0cm 7.5pt 3.75pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><a href="http://psychology.wikia.com/index.php?title=Henry_Mintzberg&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Henry Mintzberg (page does not exist)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Henry Mintzberg</span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> (1973) found that senior managers typically deal with unpredictable situations so they strategize in ad hoc, flexible, dynamic, and implicit ways. He says, “The job breeds adaptive information-manipulators who prefer the live concrete situation. The manager works in an environment of stimulous-response, and he develops in his work a clear preference for live action.” (page 38) </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><a href="http://psychology.wikia.com/index.php?title=Abraham_Zaleznik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Abraham Zaleznik (page does not exist)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Abraham Zaleznik</span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> (1977) identified a difference between leaders and managers. He describes </span><a href="http://psychology.wikia.com/index.php?title=Leader&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Leader (page does not exist)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">leaders</span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> as visionaries who inspire. They care about substance. Whereas managers are claimed to care about process, plans, and form. He also claimed (1989) that the rise of the manager was the main factor that caused the decline of American business in the 1970s and 80s. Lack of leadership is most damaging at the level of strategic management where it can paralise an entire organization. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><a href="http://psychology.wikia.com/index.php?title=John_Kotter&action=edit&redlink=1" title="John Kotter (page does not exist)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">John Kotter</span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> (Kotter, J. 1982) studied the daily activities of 15 executives and concluded that they spent most of their time developing and working a network of relationships from which they gained general insights and specific details to be used in making strategic decisions. They tended to use “mental road maps” rather than systematic planning techniques. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><a href="http://psychology.wikia.com/index.php?title=Daniel_Isenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Daniel Isenberg (page does not exist)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Daniel Isenberg</span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;">'s study of senior managers (1984) found that their decisions were highly intuitive. Executives often sensed what they were going to do before they could explain why. He claims (1986) that one of the reasons for this is the complexity of strategic decisions and the resultant information uncertainty. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><a href="http://psychology.wikia.com/index.php?title=Shoshana_Zuboff&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Shoshana Zuboff (page does not exist)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Shoshana Zuboff</span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> (1988) claims that information technology is widening the divide between senior managers (who typically make strategic decisions) and operational level managers (who typically make routine decisions). She claims that prior to the widespread use of computer systems, managers, even at the most senior level, engaged in both strategic decisions and routine administration, but as computers facilitated (She called it “deskilled”) routine processes, these activities were moved further down the hierarchy, leaving senior management free for strategic decions making. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">According to Corner, Kinichi, and Keats (1994), strategic decision making in organizations occurs at two levels: individual and aggregate. They have developed a model of parallel strategic decision making. The model identifies two parallel processes both of which involve getting attention, encoding information, storage and retrieval of information, strategic choice, strategic outcome, and feedback. The individual and organizational processes are not independent however. They interact at each stage of the process. </span></div>mahirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02656334463299953127noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3266780702493367349.post-14829021453026362692011-01-23T07:36:00.000-08:002011-01-23T07:36:36.330-08:00Draganflyer X6<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Draganflyer X6 is an advanced helicopter that can be operated remotely without any pilot. It is designed mainly to carry wireless video cameras and still cameras. The Draganflyer X6 helicopter can be operated very easily with its hand held controller.<br />
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The Draganflyer X6 helicopter is based on a unique 6-rotor design that has been under development since early 2006. It uses 11 sensors and thousands of lines of code to self-stabilize during flight which makes it easier to fly than any other helicopter in its class. The on-board software of Draganflyer X6 is developed after extensive testing and development. Draganflyer X6 helicopter is a revolution in the field of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV).<br />
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It can be used very efficiently for various applications and it is ideal for spying on the enemy in a safe and reliable manner.<br />
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<b><u>MAJOR FIELDS OF APPLICATIONS</u></b><br />
The new Draganflyer X6 can be used in various field such as Industrial Constructions, Government Applications and Educational needs.<br />
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1)<b>Industrial Use</b>:<br />
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Draganflyer X6 can be used very efficiently in <b>Bridge Constructions</b>, <b>Building Construction</b>,</span></b></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b> <div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pipeline / Hydro-Transmission Line Inspection, Road Construction. With the help of this aircraft you can get videos and images of any site from various angels.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Equipped with a high resolution still camera (with remote zoom, shutter control and tilt) it can capture great images. And its high definition video recorder can record videos very efficiently. It has a range of 500 meters and have a flight time of 20 to 30 minutes.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">It is designed specifically with easy controlling system for ease of use it. So, it is easy to fly, needs very minimal training, and provides an extremely stable aerial platform from where you can get photographs and video. It's small size and portability makes it suitable to carry it to any construction site and have it ready to fly in minutes.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2)Government Applications:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Draganflyer X6 can be used in many government applications such as Law Enforcement, Fire, Emergency Measures, Wildlife Management, Environment and Transportation. You can use this advanced machine for Disaster Response, Conservation Enforcement, Crime Scene Investigation, Crowd Control, Explosive Disposal Unit, Search and Rescue Missions, Traffic Congestion Control, Criminal Intelligence Applications, Fire Damage Assessment, Fire Scene Management any many more.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3)Educational Applications:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Draganflyer X6 is very useful in educational applications such as Advanced RC Flight Research, Aerial Archeology, Environmental Assessment, and Geological Exploration.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">FEATURES AT A GLANCE:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Draganflyer X6 is unique in many terms. It has some very advanced features that make it different and more efficient then other remote controlled helicopters. Some of these features are:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1)Six Rotor Co-Axial Configuration<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2)GPS Facility<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3)Carbon Fiber Folding Frame<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">4)Handheld Flight Controller<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">5)Advanced Power System<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">6)High Damage Tolerance<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">7)Specially manufactured Cases<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">8)Engineered for Safety<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">9)Electronic Flight Stability<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">10)Telemetry Software<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">11)Wireless Video System<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">12)Anti-Vibration Camera Mount<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">13)HD Digital Video Camera<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">14)Low Light Camera<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">15)Thermal Infrared Camera<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">These various features of Draganflyer X6 makes it very useful and efficient in its work.<o:p></o:p></span></div></b></span><br />
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</span></div>mahirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02656334463299953127noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3266780702493367349.post-20997849222898359972011-01-09T16:27:00.000-08:002011-01-09T16:27:14.213-08:00Scerets behind Memories<div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: 800; line-height: 27px;"></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Scerets behind Memories <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">Scientists at </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;"><b>UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles)</b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;"> and the </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;"><b>Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel </b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">have discovered the process</span></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> through which memories are made and then recalled. These scientists have recorded that How individual brain cells calls up a memory?, thus revealing where in the brain a specific memory is stored and how the brain is able to recreate it.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" /> <!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Dr. ITZHAK FRIED</span></u></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br />
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<b>Dr. Itzhak Fried, Senior Study Suthor and a UCLA Professor of Neurosurgery</b> with his colleagues recorded the activity of hundreds of individual neurons making memories in the brains of 13 epilepsy patients being treated surgically at UCLA Medical Center. Their research detail has been reported in current online edition of the Journal Science.<br />
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<b><u>EXPERIMENT</u></b><br />
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Surgeons at <b>UCLA Medical Center</b> placed electrodes in the patients' brains to locate the origin of their seizures before surgical treatment which is a standard procedure in such cases. <b>Dr. Fried</b> used same electrodes to record the <b>neuron activity</b> as memories were being formed</span> <!--[endif]--></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">During the experiment patients were shown several video clips of short duration, including such things as landmarks and people, along with other clips of Jerry Seinfeld, Tom Cruise, "Simpsons" character Homer Simpson and others. As the patients watched these clips, researchers recorded the activity of many neurons in the <b>Hippocampus</b> and a nearby region known the <b>Entorhinal Cortex</b> that responded strongly to individual clips.<br />
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Few minutes after watching these clips, the patients were asked to recall whatever clips came to mind. During this recalling process these patients were not prompted to recall any specific clips," but to use "free recall' which means, whatever popped into their heads.<br />
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At this point researchers found that the same neurons that had responded earlier to a specific clip fired strongly a second or two before the subject reported recalling that clip. These neurons did not fire, however,when other clips were recalled. By observing this researchers found that which clip a patient was recalling before the patient announced it.<br />
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During this experiment <b>Dr. Fried</b> noted that the single neurons that were recorded as they fired were not acting alone but were part of a much larger memory circuit of hundreds of thousands of cells caught in the act of responding to the clips.<br />
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<b><u>SIGNIFICANCE</u></b><br />
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This research is significant in the fact that it confirms for the first time that spontaneous memories arise through the activity of the very same neurons that fired when the memory was first being made. This link between reactivation of neurons in the <b>Hippocampus</b> and conscious recall of past experience has been suspected and theorized for sometime, but the study now provides direct evidence for this.<br />
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So we can say that,<b> Reliving past experience in our memory is the resurrection of neuronal activity from the past. </b><br />
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<b><u>FUNDING</u></b><br />
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The research was funded by the <b>U.S. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</b>, as well as the <b>Israel Science Foundation</b> and the <b>U.S.-Israel Binational Science Foundation</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div>mahirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02656334463299953127noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3266780702493367349.post-34932845277882381582010-11-28T18:59:00.001-08:002010-11-28T18:59:39.027-08:00Ketuanan melayu patut dihilangkankan, wajarkah?<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="MS" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: MS;">Apa yang berlaku baru-baru ini menunjukkan bahawa sesuatu haruslah dilakukan demi untuk memertabatkan bangsa melayu semula dan pemikiran sempit sesetengah pihak yang harus diperlebarkan semula untuk membetulkan tanggapan serong yang boleh menjejaskan masa depan dan perjuangan yang telah lama diperjuangkan. Keselesaan dan kemajuan yang kita nikmati sekarang ini adalah hasil daripada pergorbanan pihak yang terdahulu demi untuk melihat pencapaian bangsa melayu dengan arah tuju yang lebih dinamik dan spesifik.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="MS" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: MS;">Jika dilihat sejarah melayu dulu dan sekarang mempunyai perbezaan yang ketara yang menunjukkan bahawa melayu sekarang mempunyai pemikiran yang positif untuk mencapai kejayaan dan tidak dilihat sebagai kekangan kepada bangsa lain di Malaysia. Perpaduan, keamanan dan harmoni yang telah lama terjalin diantara semua kaum di Malaysia sepatutnya dikekalkan bukannya diadudombakan untuk menjalin kebencian kepada rakyat Malaysia dan inilah yang menjadikan negara Malaysia, negara yang unik yang mempunyai berbilang bangsa tetapi dapat hidup bersama namun dengan adanya segelintir pihak yang cuba menangguk di air yang keruh sanggup menggunakan isu ini untuk meraih sokongan demi kepentingan sendiri.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="MS" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: MS;">Apa yang dibimbangkan adalah kecelaruan ini akan menimbulkan perspektif yang negatif dikalangan kaum-kaum lain di Malaysia yang selama ini menghormati kaum melayu dan sentiasa saling bekerjasama diantara satu sama lain untuk mencapai kejayaan yang telah dirancangkan demi menjadikan Malaysia sebuah negara yang maju dan berpendapatan tinggi. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="MS" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: MS;">Oleh itu, perlulah kita menghakis sikap curiga mencurigai untuk mencapai status negara maju demi kesejahteraan rakyat sesuai dengan slogan ‘Rakyat Didahulukan, Pencapaian Diutamakan’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><br />
</div>mahirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02656334463299953127noreply@blogger.com0